Mphamvu Yokonzanso - Kulimbikitsa Tsoka Lotetezeka

Mphamvu zimakhala pamtima pa vuto la nyengo - ndi fungulo la yankho.

Chuma chachikulu cha mpweya wowonjezera kutentha padziko lapansi ndi kusamalira kutentha kwa dzuwa kumapangidwa chifukwa chopanga mphamvu, potentha kwambiri mafuta kuti apange magetsi ndi kutentha.

Mafuta okumba, monga malasha, mafuta ndi gasi, omwe ndi omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, akuwerengera anthu oposa 75 pa 90 peresenti ya mpweya aliyense wa kaboni dayobor.

Sayansi ikumveka bwino: Popewa zovuta zoyipa kwambiri zosintha nyengo, zotuluka zimayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi theka la 2030 ndikufika pofika 2050.

Kuti tikwaniritse izi, tiyenera kuchititsa kudalira kwathu pazinthu zakale ndikuyika ndalama m'malo mwa mphamvu zomwe ndi zoyera, zotheka, zotsika mtengo, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika, zokhazikika.

Mphamvu zosinthidwa - zomwe zimapezeka ambiri potizungulira, zoperekedwa ndi dzuwa, mphepo, madzi, ndi kutentha pang'ono ndi mpweya wobiriwira kapena zodetsa.

Chongani zopangira mafuta oposa 80 peresenti za zopanga zapadziko lonse lapansi, koma magwero oyeretsa akupeza. Pafupifupi 29 peresenti ya magetsi pakadali pano amachokera ku gwero lokonzanso.

Nazi zifukwa zisanu zomwe zimathandizira kusintha kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi njira yopita ku pulaneti yathanzi, yotchuka lero ndi mibadwo ikubwerayi.

1. Maulamuliro obwezeretsanso mphamvu zathunthu pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ufulu wambiri m'maiko akale - ndi pafupifupi 6 biliyoni omwe amadalira ma geopelitical zimasokoneza ndi zovuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, mphamvu zosinthika zimapezeka m'maiko onse, ndipo zomwe angathe sizingawerengeredwe. Age Ency Exct Enerner Recount Recrency (Irena) akuyerekeza kuti 90 peresenti ya magetsi adziko lapansi ndipo akuyenera kuchokera ku mphamvu zobwezeretsanso, kulola mayiko kuti athe kusintha chuma chawo ndikuwateteza ku mitengo yosayembekezereka ya Mafuta ogulitsa zakale, pomwe mukuyendetsa kukula kwachuma, ntchito zatsopano, komanso umphawi.

2. Mphamvu zosinthika ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri kwambiri m'maiko ambiri masiku ano. Mitengo yamitundu yokonzanso mphamvu ikutha mwachangu. Mtengo wa magetsi kuchokera ku dzuwa unagwera ndi 85% pa 2015% pakati pa 2010 ndi 2020. Ndalama za minda zamphepete mwa anthu 56 peresenti ndi 48 peresenti. Mitengo yotsika imapangitsa kuti mphamvu zowonjezereka zizikhala zokongola kwambiri pozungulira - kuphatikiza maiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, komwe ambiri ofunikira magetsi atsopano amachokera. Ndi mtengo wotsika, pali mwayi weniweni wa mphamvu zambiri zamphamvu pazaka zomwe zikubwerazi kuti ziperekedwe ndi kaboni yotsika. Magetsi otsika mtengo kuchokera ku magwero osinthika atha kupereka 65 peresenti ya magetsi okwanira padziko lonse lapansi 2050 peresenti ya gawo lamphamvu lamphamvu ndi 2050, kudula mpweya komanso kuthandiza kusinthasintha kwa nyengo. Ngakhale mitengo yamagetsi ndi yamkuntho imayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri mu 2022 ndi 2023 ndiye kuti pali mizere yazinthu zomwe zakwezedwa IEA).

3. Mphamvu zosinthika ndizosatha malinga ndi dziko la World Health Organisation (ndani) zoyambitsa zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kuipitsa mpweya. Mitundu yosayipa ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi Nitrogen Dioxide imachokera makamaka pakuwotcha mafuta okwera. Mu 2018, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kuchokera pamafuta osungirako zinthu zakale kunapangitsa kuti $ 2.9 ikuluikulu yathanzi komanso ndalama zachuma, pafupifupi $ 8 biliyoni patsiku. Kusinthana ndi magwero oyeretsa, monga mphepo ndi dzuwa, motero zimathandizira kusintha kwa nyengo osati kuwonongeka kwa mpweya komanso thanzi.

4. Mphamvu zodziwika bwino zimayambitsa ntchito iliyonse ndalama zogulitsa zimapanga ntchito ziwiri kuposa ntchito zochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi mafuta. IEA ikuyerekeza kuti kusintha kwa Net-Zero kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa magawo asanu: pomwe pafupifupi ntchito 5 miliyoni mu 2030, ntchito yatsopano yoyerekeza ndi mphamvu yoyera, chifukwa cha ntchito ya 9 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale ofananira ndi mphamvu amafunikira antchito owonjezera 16 miliyoni, mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito maudindo atsopano pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi zida zothandiza kapena m'matekinoloje aluso monga hydrogen. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito zopitilira 30 miliyoni zitha kupangidwa mu mphamvu zoyera, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi matekinoloje otsika pofika 2030. Ikani kusintha kwa masinthidwe, kuyika zosowa ndi ufulu wa anthu omwe ali pamtima, adzakhala Kukula kuti musawonetsetse kuti palibe amene atsala.

5. Mphamvu zokonzanso zimapangitsa kudziwa chuma pafupifupi $ 5.9 kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzomera zamafuta ogulitsa zinthu pa 2020, kuphatikizapo kudzera zothandizira zothandiza, zopumira zamsonkho, ndi chilengedwe komanso chilengedwe chotsika mtengo. Poyerekeza, pafupifupi $ 4 trillion pachaka akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu mphamvu zosinthika mpaka 2030 - kuphatikizapo ndalama zopitilira 2050. Mtengo wokwera amatha kukhala wocheperako, Ndipo ambiri adzafuna thandizo lazachuma kuti asinthe. Koma ndalama mu mphamvu zosinthika zidzabweza. Kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi zovuta za nyengo zokha zokha zomwe zingathe kuwononga dziko lapansi mpaka 2030 pachaka 2030. Komanso, matekinoloje osinthika, othandiza, amphamvu ndi chitetezo chosiyanasiyana.